| Solar panel | Solar array serve as components that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that collects sunlight to generate heat, usually used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a varied landscape of undulating terrain, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that mix heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a type of power resulting from the flow of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous appliances and infrastructures, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to power various electronic devices. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising electrode pairs interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and providing reliable, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to ascertain the size, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells chronicles the progress and innovations in photovoltaic technology from the early finding of the solar effect to contemporary advanced photovoltaic modules. It highlights key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent innovations that have substantially improved energy transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for understanding how radiation interacts with specific materials to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle crystal solid with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small unit installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This technology improves system performance, allows for improved system tracking, and improves energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to provide a green and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which particular compounds convert sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the core foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the utilization of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, fixtures, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the velocity at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a unit of power in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the work per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic equipment and enabling the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and power of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for recharging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the operation of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This methodology guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, offering important data on power output and system health. It aids optimize solar energy generation by identifying faults early and securing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous tiny silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent structure allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a type of thin-film solar system that provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative for massive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and moderately low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate solar devices that utilize a layered material of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are noted for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and capability for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections layered in tandem to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space satellites and high-performance solar power installations due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with clear sunlight, providing a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and adaptability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in various technological applications. These layers are crucial in electronic devices, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of material spanning fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics, light manipulation, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure small distances or widths, typically in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices recognized for their superior output and flexibility, making them suitable for various uses. They employ a multilayer semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into energy using PV cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that use organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electric power. They are lightweight, pliable, and enable more affordable, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic material used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roofing, building exteriors, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations information various massive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their output and locations. These stations play a vital role in green energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in clean energy production, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how effectively a solar cell generates sunlight into convertible electricity. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that refracts light to bring together or diverge rays, creating images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It boosts the clarity and illumination of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when these waves are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally as time progresses, permitting cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature entity used to change DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by maximizing energy production at the panel level and eases setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage and electric flow periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that ensure a firm and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide security approval body that assesses and certifies products to ensure they meet certain protection norms. It assists consumers and companies find dependable and secure products through rigorous evaluation and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the same current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that permits current to flow in a single sense exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, created to provide electrical energy for various devices and accessories within a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking hardware to computing systems, enabling data transfer and power supply. It supports a variety of devices such as keyboards, mouses, external drives, and smartphones, with various generations delivering faster speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, each with varied lengths and energy levels. This range is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, allowing data exchange, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It has a key role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and connexion. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the magnitude of energy or power received or emitted over a particular area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and movement of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of atmosphere with fairly consistent thermal and humidity properties, originating from certain origin zones. These air masses influence climate trends and sky situations as they travel over diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of dirt, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which diminishes their performance. Routine maintenance and care are essential to minimize energy decrease and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power capacity of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak potential to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to determine the electrical potential between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a metalloid element essential for plant development and used in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that cause it valuable in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides cover while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of multiple photovoltaic modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and protection from the elements for al fresco areas. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an observer to a destination. It is frequently used in routing, mapping, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an target in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to quantify massive energy production and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar energy solutions, specializing in making thin film solar panels that offer high-performance and low-cost power output. The organization is dedicated to green energy development and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly integrating various parts of manufacturing and automation systems to boost productivity and dependability. It concentrates on developing innovative solutions that enable seamless communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent China's company focused on the manufacturing and development of solar-powered solar items and systems. It is known for its advanced technology and green energy projects within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to represent the ability of massive power production or usage. It underscores the huge energy magnitude involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production decreases as cumulative output increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and factory sites to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered items features a variety of tools that harness sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, delivering flexible alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably enhancing power output from a compact footprint. This technology works well where direct, strong sunlight and offers an innovative way to reducing expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
